一加仑是多少升（一加仑是多少升石油）

* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式，《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列，这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升，并树立英语思维；
* 推荐的阅读的方法是：先原文，适当看解析阅读，还有疑惑再看双语对照。
* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注，如果需要了解Dictcom音标，请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。
* 本篇文章难度系数8.5，由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。

#英语思维#

#英语#

#净水器#

What is RO (reverse osmosis)-water?
【译】什么是RO反渗透水？
【单词】reverse [ri-'vurs][r?'v??s] adj. 相反的；反面的；颠倒的
【单词】osmosis [oz-'moh-sis, os-][?z'm??s?s] n. 渗透；渗透性

Osmosis is when water (or another solvent) flows from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
【译】渗透是指水（或另一种溶剂）从低浓度区流向高浓度区。
【单词】solvent ['sol-vuhnt]['s?lv?nt] n. 溶剂
【单词】flows 原型：flow [floh][fl??] vi. 流动；涌出
【单词】concentration [kon-suhn-'trey-shuhn][?k?nsen'tre???n] n. 集中；专心；浓度

For example, say you put salt in your drink and it falls to the bottom, the bottom of the glass is highly concentrated in salt, so the salt over time disperses to the top so that there's an equal amount in the whole glass.
【译】例如，假设你在饮料里放了盐，它会掉到底部，杯子底部的盐高度集中，所以随着时间的推移，盐会分散到顶部，这样整个玻璃杯中的盐量是均匀的。
【短语】for example 例如；例句：You can buy fruit here – oranges and bananas, for example. 你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。
【短语】over time 随着时间的过去，久而久之，超时；例句：Over time, the service learns what you like to read and will personalize its news suggestions for you. 随着时间的推移，这项服务会了解到你喜欢阅读哪类内容，并为你提供个性化的新闻建议。
【单词】salt [sawlt][s??lt] n. 盐；刺激；盐类
【单词】drink [dringk][dr??k] n. 饮料；酒
【单词】bottom ['bot-uh?m]['b?t?m] n. 底部；底端 adj. 底部的
【单词】glass [glas, glahs][ɡlɑ?s] n. 玻璃；玻璃杯；玻璃制品
【单词】highly ['hahy-lee]['ha?li] adv. 高度地；很；非常
【单词】concentrated 原型：concentrate ['kon-suhn-treyt]['k?nsntre?t] v. 专心；集中；浓缩
【单词】disperses [dih-'spurs][d?'sp??s] v. 分散；散开
【单词】equal ['ee-kwuhl]['i?kw?l] adj. 相等的；平等的

This requires no energy so we say it happens passively.
【译】这不需要能量，所以我们说它是被动发生的。
【单词】requires 原型：require [ri-'kwahyuhr][r?'kwa??] v. 要求；需要
【单词】happens 原型：happen ['hap-uhn]['h?p?n] vi. 发生；碰巧；出现
【单词】passively ['pas-iv]['p?s?vli] adv. 被动地；顺从地

In reverse osmosis, we want something that's already high concentration to get even more highly concentrated.
【译】而在反渗透中，我们希望已经很高浓度的东西变得更高浓度。

The best example is water desalination, where we want to take salt out of seawater to make it drinkable.
【译】最好的例子是海水淡化，我们想从海水中去掉盐，使之可以被饮用。
【单词】desalination [?di??s?l?'ne??n] n. 脱盐(作用)
【单词】seawater ['see-waw-ter, -wot-er]['si?w?t?] n. 海水
【单词】drinkable ['dring-kuh-buhl]['dr??k?bl] adj. 可饮用的；好喝的

We want the water to flow from area of high concentration (seawater) to area of low concentration (purified water).
【译】我们希望水从高浓度区（海水）流向低浓度区（纯化水）。
【单词】purified 原型：purify ['pyoor-uh-fahy]['pj??r?fa?] v.

Its like trying to undo putting salt in water.
【译】这就像是想做把盐放在水里的逆向操作。
【单词】undo [uhn-'doo][?n'du?] v. 解开；松开；取消

This requires energy to do, so call this an active process.
【译】这需要能量，所以可以称之为一个活跃的过程。
【单词】active ['ak-tiv]['?kt?v] adj. 活跃的；积极的；起作用的；灵活的

We need energy to do this.
【译】我们需要能量来做实现这个过程。

Osmosis: if you have salty water and fresh water separated by a filter, the salty water will suck up more water (from the fresh side) in order to dilute the salt.
【译】渗透作用：如果你有咸水和淡水被一个过滤器分离，咸水会吸收更多的水（从淡水一侧），以便稀释有盐的咸水。
【用法】in order to 意为“为了……”，表示目的；在用法和意义上相当于so as to结构，但是in order to结构可以用于句首、句中，而so as to多用于句中。其否定式分别为：in order not to 和so as not to。in order to在句中表示目的时，常可以转化成in order that。如：We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.
【单词】salty ['sawl-tee]['s??lti] adj. 咸的
【单词】fresh [fresh][fre?] adj. 新鲜的；清新的；新近的
【单词】separated 原型：separate ['sep-uh-reyt]['sep?r?t] v. 分开；隔开；区分
【单词】filter ['fil-ter]['f?lt?] n. 过滤器
【单词】suck [suhk][s?k] vt. 啜；吸入；吸收 vi. 吸；吸收
【单词】dilute [dih-'loot, dahy-][da?'lu?t] vt. 稀释；冲淡

Salt, sand, dirt, etc., have a tendency to absorb water.
【译】盐、沙子、泥土等容易吸水。
【单词】sand [sand][s?nd] n. 沙；沙子
【单词】dirt [durt][d??t] n. 污垢；泥土；灰尘
【单词】etc. [?et'set?r?] et cetra(=and so on) 等等，及其他
【单词】tendency ['ten-duhn-see]['tend?nsi] n. 趋势；倾向；秉性
【单词】absorb [ab-'sawrb, -'zawrb][?b's??b] vt. 吸收；吞并；承受

Reverse Osmosis is when you have salty water, or water with sand, dirt, impurities in it, but you apply pressure to force the water OUT through the filter, and purify it despite the fact that salt, dirt, etc. want to absorb water not release it.
【译】反渗透是指当你有咸水，或水中含有沙子、污垢、杂质，但你施加压力迫使水通过过滤器排出，并净化它，尽管实际上，盐、污垢等想要吸收水而不是释放它。
【单词】impurities 原型：impurity [im-'pyoor-i-tee][?m'pj??r?ti] n. 不纯；杂质
【单词】apply [uh-'plahy][?'pla?] vt. 应用；涂
【单词】purify ['pyoor-uh-fahy]['pj??r?fa?] v. 精华

【单词】release [ri-'lees][r?'li?s] n. 释放

The pressure forces the water out, kinda like squeezing a wet towel or wet sand etc.
【译】压力迫使水流出，有点像挤湿毛巾或湿沙子等。
【单词】squeezing 原型：squeeze [skweez][skwi?z] v. 挤压；塞进；压榨；设法腾出
【单词】towel ['tou-uh?l, toul]['ta??l] n. 毛巾；手巾

People who eat lots of sugar tend to have bad teeth.
【译】吃太多糖的人往往牙齿不好。
【用法】tend to表示“朝某方向；趋向；偏重”，后面接动词原形。如：We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.忙中不免出错。
【单词】teeth 原型：tooth [tooth][tu?θ] n. 牙齿；齿状物

Vegetables are good for teeth.
【译】蔬菜对牙齿有好处。
【单词】Vegetables 原型：vegetable ['vej-tuh-buh?l, 'vej-i-tuh-]['ved?t?bl] n. 蔬菜；植物

Flouride works in toothpaste by being a wash for the teeth in which it deposits itself.
【译】氟化物在牙膏中起作用，它是一种洗牙剂。
【单词】toothpaste ['tooth-peyst]['tu?θpe?st] n. 牙膏
【单词】deposits 原型：deposit [dih-'poz-it][d?'p?z?t] v. 放置；(使)沉淀；存储

Does this work similarly with vegetables?
【译】这对蔬菜也有类似的作用吗？
【单词】similarly ['sim-uh-ler]['s?m?l?li] adv. 相似地；类似地

Eating, for instance, a high calcium diet would promote healthy teeth because the calcium is washed directly on the teeth while chewing?
【译】例如，高钙饮食可以促进健康的牙齿，因为咀嚼时钙会直接被冲洗在牙齿上？
【单词】instance ['in-stuhns]['?nst?ns] n. 例子；场合；情况；要求；诉讼程序 vt. 举例说明
【单词】calcium ['kal-see-uhm]['k?lsi?m] n. 钙
【单词】diet ['dahy-it]['da??t] n. 日常食物；规定饮食；节食
【单词】promote [pruh-'moht][pr?'m??t] vt. 促进；提升
【单词】healthy ['hel-thee]['helθi] adj. 健康的
【单词】directly [dih-'rekt-lee, dahy-][d?'rektli] adv. 直接地；立即；正好地；完全 conj. <英>一…就…
【单词】chewing 原型：chew [choo][t?u?] v. 咀嚼

Or does calcium and other required minerals/nutrients for teeth come from the wash of your saliva, and as such it requires that you ingest calcium and have it transported to the saliva producing glands?
【译】或者，牙齿所需的钙和其他矿物质/营养素是否来自唾液的洗涤，因此需要你摄取钙并将其输送到分泌唾液的腺体？
【单词】saliva [suh-'lahy-vuh][s?'la?v?] n. 唾液
【单词】ingest [in-'jest][?n'd?est] v. 咽下；摄取
【单词】transported 原型：transport [trans-'pawrt]['tr?nsp??t] v. 运输；传播
【单词】glands 原型：gland [gland][ɡl?nd] n. 腺

Flouride in water is supposed to help teeth.
【译】水中的氟化物应该对牙齿有帮助。
【用法】be supposed to中的to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，主语为物时，它表示“本应；本该”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。它还可以用来表示 “被认为是，被相信是”。
【单词】supposed 原型：suppose [suh-'pohz][s?'p??z] vt. 假设；假定；认为；想；应该；让(虚拟语气) vi. 推测

It is also naturally found in water in some places.
【译】在一些地方，它也能自然地在水中发现。
【单词】naturally ['nach-er-uh-lee]['n?t?r?li] adv. 自然地；天生地

RO removes practically everything, meaning it has zero value.
【译】RO反渗透去除了水中几乎所有的东西，意味着它（RO反渗透水）的价值为零。
【单词】removes 原型：remove [ri-'moov][r?'mu?v] v. 消除；脱掉
【单词】practically ['prak-tik-lee]['pr?kt?kli] adv. 实际上；几乎；简直

Does the lack of traces of calcium and flouride from the water make the water less healthy for a human?
【译】水中缺乏微量的钙和氟化物是否会降低人体健康水平？
【单词】traces 原型：trace [treys][tre?s] n. 痕迹；微量；踪迹

What about a plant?
【译】植物呢？
【单词】plant [plant, plahnt][plɑ?nt] n. 植物

Is it possible to just wash away all the soil nutrients in a potted plant by using RO water, since the water will not come from the ground and thus will contain no calcium, phosphorus, or nitrogen?
【译】有没有可能用反渗透水把盆栽植物里所有的土壤养分都冲走，因为水不会从地里出来，因此不含钙、磷或氮吗？
【单词】soil [soil][s??l] n. 土地；土壤；污物，粪便 v. 弄污
【单词】nutrients 原型：nutrient ['noo-tree-uhnt, 'nyoo-]['nju?tri?nt] n. 营养物；营养品
【单词】potted 原型：pot [pot][p?t] n. 罐；壶，盆
【单词】ground [ground][ɡra?nd] n. 地面；地方
【单词】contain [kuhn-'teyn][k?n'te?n] vt. 容纳；包含；抑制；克制 vi. 自制
【单词】phosphorus ['fos-fer-uhs]['f?sf?r?s] n. 磷
【单词】nitrogen ['nahy-truh-juhn]['na?tr?d??n] n. 氮

In this instance, it seems comical to use RO water over ground water from a hose for plant watering, and then bring back the nutrients with a bottle of NPK mix, kind of like bleaching bread white and then bringing back the nutritional value with vitamin enriching.
【译】在这种情况下，用反渗透水代替软管中的地下水浇灌植物，然后用一瓶NPK混合物把营养物质带回来，就像把面包漂白成白色，然后用富含维生素的方法恢复营养价值。
【单词】comical ['kom-i-kuhl]['k?m?kl] adj. 好笑的
【单词】hose [hohz][h??z] n. 水管；橡皮软管
【单词】bottle ['bot-l]['b?tl] n. 瓶子
【单词】mix [miks][m?ks] v. 混合；掺入；合成；联系；融合；介入
【单词】bleaching 原型：bleach [bleech][bli?t?] v. 变白；漂白
【单词】bread [bred][bred] n. 面包
【单词】nutritional [noo-'trish-uhn, nyoo-][nju'tr???nl] adj. 营养的；滋养的
【单词】vitamin ['vahy-tuh-min; British also 'vit-uh-min]['v?t?m?n] n. 维生素
【单词】enriching 原型：enrich [en-'rich][?n'r?t?] vt. 使富足；使肥沃；使丰富
【专有名词】NPK NPK =Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 氮磷钾肥

No, water is water.
【译】不，水就是水。

On submarines, US Navy personnel drink RO filtered water for months without problems.
【译】在潜艇上，美国海军人员饮用反渗透过滤水几个月没有问题。
【单词】submarines 原型：submarine [suhb-muh-'reen][?s?bm?'ri?n] n. 潜水艇 adj. 海面下的
【单词】personnel [pur-suh-'nel][?p??s?'nel] n. 职员；人事部门
【专有名词】US Navy 美国海军

To get the mineral equivalent of one multivitamin you need to drink 600 gallons of mineral water.
【译】要获得相当于一片复合维生素的矿物质，你需要喝600加仑的矿泉水。
【单词】mineral ['min-er-uhl, 'min-ruhl]['m?n?r?l] n. 矿物
【单词】equivalent [ih-'kwiv-uh-luh?nt][?'kw?v?l?nt] adj. 等价的 相等的 n. 相等物
【单词】multivitamin [muhl-ti-'vahy-tuh-min][?m?lti'v?t?m?n] n. 多种维他命剂
【单词】gallons 原型：gallon ['gal-uhn]['ɡ?l?n] n. 加仑(容量单位)，一加仑约为3.8升

The amount of minerals in that expensive perrier is miniscule and hardly even worth noting compared to the minerals you get from food.
【译】与你从食物中获得的矿物质相比，昂贵的巴黎水的矿物质含量微乎其微，甚至不值得一提。
【单词】minerals 原型：mineral ['min-er-uhl, 'min-ruhl]['m?n?r?l] n. 矿物
【单词】expensive [ik-'spen-siv][?k'spens?v] adj. 昂贵的；高价的
【单词】perrier 名词 perrier n. 毕雷矿泉水；巴黎水(法国南部产的一种冒泡的矿泉水) ，巴黎水是一种天然有气矿泉水。
【单词】miniscule ['min-uh-skyool, mi-'nuhs-kyool]['m?n?skju?l] adj. 草写小字的；小字的 =minuscule.
【单词】hardly ['hahrd-lee]['hɑ?dli] adv. 几乎不；简直不；刚刚
【单词】compared 原型：compare [kuh?m-'pair][k?m'pe?] v. 比较；对比

With potted plants it is possible to wash it away, but it would need a lot of very, very heavy watering to do so.
【译】对于盆栽植物可以把它（土壤中的养分）冲走，但需要大量的浇水。
【单词】heavy ['hev-ee]['hevi] adj. 大(量)的；重的；沉重的；猛烈的

RO water has a slightly lower than normal lethal dose compared to normal water, but you aren't going to ever drink that much either way.
【译】与普通水相比，反渗透水的使人中毒剂量略低于正常饮用水，但无论如何你都不会喝那么多。
【单词】slightly [slahyt]['sla?tli] adv. 些微地；稍微；瘦小地
【单词】lethal ['lee-thuhl]['li?θl] adj. 致命的；危险的；有效的
【单词】dose [dohs][d??s] n. 剂量；一剂；一服

Lack of trace minerals does nothing unless you reach the lethal dose point, in which case they make it a tiny bit lower.
【译】微量矿物质的缺乏不会怎么样，除非你达到致命的剂量点，在这种情况下，它们会使它降低一点点。
【单词】unless [uhn-'les, uhn-][?n'les] conj. 除非；如果不 prep. 除 … 外
【单词】reach [reech][ri?t?] v. 到达；伸出；达成
【单词】tiny ['tahy-nee]['ta?ni] adj. 极小的；微小的