have的过去式和过去分词（sell的过去式和过去分词）

??形式：

have原形，用于第一人称（I, we)，第二人称(you),及第三人称复数（they）或者复数名词；

has是have的第三人称单数形式（he, she, it)或单数名词，或不可数名词做主语；

having 是have的现在分词；

had是have的过去式；过去分词。

??一、have用作实义动词。

?1. have 用作 “有”表示拥有的意思。

如:

I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。

You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。

It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。

?2.have 有“吃、喝”的含义。

如：

have breakfast 吃早饭

have lunch 吃午饭

have supper 吃晚饭

have dinner 吃正餐

have a meal 吃一顿饭

例句：

I often have milk and eggs for breakfast.我早饭经常喝牛奶吃鸡蛋。

Do you usually have tea in the afternoon?你通常下午喝茶吗?

What do you often have for your three meals?你的一日三餐通常吃什么?

?3.have 用来描述病情。

如：

have a cold 感冒

have a toothache牙痛

have a fever发烧

have a sore back背痛

例句：

“What’s the matter?”

你怎么了?

“I have a toothache.”我牙疼。

?4. have to 不得不，与must意思相同。

如：

I have to tidy my room.我不得不整理房间。

She has to help with the washing.她得帮忙洗衣服。

You don't have to go if you don't want to.如果你不想去，你就不必去。

He doesn't have to stay at home all day. 他不必整天呆在家里。

?5.have+a/an+名词连用,意思与该名词相当的动词的意义。

have a walk 散步

have a swim 游泳

have a rest 休息

have a try试一试

例句：

Let’s lie down and have a rest=Let’s lie down and rest.让我们躺下休息一下吧！

Do you often have dreams?=Do you often dream?你常做梦吗?

?6.have sb do sth

?1）叫(请，使)某人做某事。

如:

I'll have her post the letter.我要叫她去寄信。

He had his son clean the car.他叫他的儿子擦车。

?2) 容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与won't 或者can't连用)。

如:

I won't have you tell me what to do.我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。

?7. have sb(sth) doing sth

?1)使(让)某人(某事物)一直在做某事。

如:

He had the light burning all night.他让灯亮了一整夜。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.没出几分钟，他就让全体听众笑起来，鼓起掌来。

?2)容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与won't或者can't连用)

如:

He won't have boys arriving late.他不允许孩子们迟到。

I won't have you smoking at your age.我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。

?3)说服或命令某人做某事。

如：

He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her.他叫我为她做各种事情。

?8.have sth done

?1)请(让)别人做某事。

如:

We had the machine repaired.我们请人修理了机器。

Why don't you have your hair cut?你为什么不理发?

He had his salary raised.他加薪了。

?2)经历或遭遇某情况。

如:

He had his finger cut.他的手指弄伤了。

I had my watch stolen yesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。

?3)完成或解决某事。

如:

He had 1000 yuan saved last year.他去年存了1000元。

I've had all my mistakes corrected.我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。

?4)容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句，尤与 won't或者can't等连用)。

如:

We won't have anything said against the Party.我们不允许有人这样攻击党。

?9.have sth to do有某事要做。

如:

I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。

She has plenty of clothes to wear.她有足够的衣服穿。

?10.have on

?1)穿着，戴着

如:

He had nothing on except a hat.他身上一丝不挂，只是戴了顶帽子。

?2)有安排，有计划，有活动

如:

l have nothing on for tonight.我今晚没什么事。

?3) 戏弄，欺骗

如:

You won? You're not having me on?你赢了?没骗我吧?

?11.had better+不带to的动词不定式（动词原形），表示 “最好……"。

如：

I'd better go and look for him now.我最好现在去找他。

?12.have nothing(something)to do with 表示 “和……无(有)”关系。

Most of questions had nothing to do with my friend.大多数问题都与我的朋友无关。

??二、have用作助动词，与其他动词构成不同时态和语态。

?1.现在完成时态由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：

?1）表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。

?2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。

如：

Most of us have heard of Mickey Mouse,Donald Duck,and many famous Disney characters.很多人听说过米老鼠和唐老鸭的故事以及其他迪斯尼乐园的卡通形象。

Perhaps we have seen them in movies. But have you ever been to Disneyland?或许我们在电影中见过他们,但是你去过迪斯尼乐园吗?

?2.过去完成时态由：had+done（动词过去分词）构成。　　

?1） 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的.动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

如：

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。

?2）过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。

如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。

?3）在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。

如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。

?4）过去完成时也用hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

如：

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。

?3.在英语口语中，常用have got 代替have 作“有”解。

I have a bike = I have got a bike.

其否定式为：

I don’t have a bike. = I haven’t got a bike.

?4.have用于“情态动词+have+过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。

?1）must+have+过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。

如：

Her father thought that she must have met a fairy. 他的父亲认为她可能遇到了一位美女。

You must have left your bag in the theatre.你可能把包落在剧院了。

?2）can(could)+have+过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。

如：

He can't have been to your home.he doesn't know your address.他不可能在你家，他不知道你家的地址。

?3）should+have+过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。

如：

You should have been here five minutes ago.你应该在五分钟之前就在这儿。

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