作者：杨文
DBA，负责客户项目的需求与维护，会点数据库，不限于MySQL、Redis、Cassandra、GreenPlum、ClickHouse、Elastic、TDSQL等等。
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一、背景：
客户在巡检时，发现 Greenplum 虽然正常运行，但有些数据的状态异常。我们知道 Greenplum 的数据是存在主段和镜像段上的，当 primary 数据异常，会自动的启用 mirror 数据。当然为了保证数据的高可用，还是要及时修复异常数据。
二、本地模拟客户故障环境：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ psql -c "select * from gp_segment_configuration order by content asc,dbid;"
dbid | content | role | preferred_role | mode | status | port | hostname | address | datadir
------+---------+------+----------------+------+--------+-------+--------------+--------------+-----------------------------------
44 | -1 | p | p | s | u | 5432 | master | master | /greenplum/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
45 | -1 | m | m | s | u | 5432 | standby | standby | /greenplum/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
2 | 0 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg0
11 | 0 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg0
3 | 1 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg1
12 | 1 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg1
4 | 2 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg2
13 | 2 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg2
5 | 3 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg3
14 | 3 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg3
6 | 4 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg4
15 | 4 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg4
7 | 5 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg5
16 | 5 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg5
8 | 6 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg6
17 | 6 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg6
9 | 7 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg7
18 | 7 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg7
10 | 8 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg8
19 | 8 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg8
21 | 9 | m | p | s | d | 55000 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg9
30 | 9 | p | m | s | u | 56000 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg9
22 | 10 | m | p | s | d | 55001 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg10
31 | 10 | p | m | s | u | 56001 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg10
23 | 11 | m | p | s | d | 55002 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg11
32 | 11 | p | m | s | u | 56002 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg11
24 | 12 | m | p | s | d | 55000 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg12
27 | 12 | p | m | s | u | 56000 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg12
25 | 13 | m | p | s | d | 55001 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg13
28 | 13 | p | m | s | u | 56001 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg13
26 | 14 | m | p | s | d | 55002 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg14
29 | 14 | p | m | s | u | 56002 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg14
33 | 15 | m | p | s | d | 55003 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg15
39 | 15 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg15
34 | 16 | m | p | s | d | 55003 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
40 | 16 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg16
35 | 17 | m | p | s | d | 55003 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg17
41 | 17 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg17
36 | 18 | m | p | s | d | 55003 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg18
42 | 18 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg18
37 | 19 | m | p | s | d | 55003 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg19
38 | 19 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg19
(42 rows)
可以看到42个数据节点中有11个数据节点处于 down 状态；
三、故障分析及解决：
3.1、数据检查：
分别去down掉的节点中去查看数据文件（此处我们只取一个节点进行展示对比）：
[gpadmin@data02 gpseg16]$ pwd
/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
[gpadmin@data02 gpseg16]$ ls
base pg_hba.conf pg_serial pg_utilitymodedtmredo
fts_probe_file.bak pg_ident.conf pg_snapshots PG_VERSION
global pg_log pg_stat pg_xlog
internal.auto.conf pg_logical pg_stat_tmp postgresql.auto.conf
pg_clog pg_multixact pg_subtrans postgresql.conf
pg_distributedlog pg_notify pg_tblspc postmaster.opts
pg_dynshmem pg_replslot pg_twophase
可以发现都缺少了 postmaster.pid 文件。
为了看的更清楚，我们找一个状态正常的节点查看对比：
[gpadmin@data01 gpseg1]$ pwd
/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg1
[gpadmin@data01 gpseg1]$ ls
base pg_hba.conf pg_serial pg_utilitymodedtmredo
fts_probe_file.bak pg_ident.conf pg_snapshots PG_VERSION
global pg_log pg_stat pg_xlog
internal.auto.conf pg_logical pg_stat_tmp postgresql.auto.conf
pg_clog pg_multixact pg_subtrans postgresql.conf
pg_distributedlog pg_notify pg_tblspc postmaster.opts
pg_dynshmem pg_replslot pg_twophase postmaster.pid
[gpadmin@data01 gpseg1]$ cat postmaster.pid
20517
/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg1
1652022705
55001
/tmp
*
55001001 393219
说明：很多人说此时重启集群可以轻易的解决这个问题，但实际上重启集群并不能保证一定会解决问题，并且重启集群会导致业务中断。
3.2、在线生成一个配置文件：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ gprecoverseg -o ./recover
20221127:22:10:22:020909 gprecoverseg:master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gprecoverseg with args: -o ./recover
20221127:22:10:22:020909 gprecoverseg:master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 6.7.0 build commit:2fbc274bc15a19b5de3c6e44ad5073464cd4f47b'
20221127:22:10:22:020909 gprecoverseg:master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 9.4.24 (Greenplum Database 6.7.0 build commit:2fbc274bc15a19b5de3c6e44ad5073464cd4f47b) on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 6.4.0, 64-bit compiled on Apr 16 2020 02:24:06'
20221127:22:10:22:020909 gprecoverseg:master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...
20221127:22:10:22:020909 gprecoverseg:master:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Configuration file output to ./recover successfully.
[gpadmin@master ~]$ ls
gpAdminLogs recover
[gpadmin@master ~]$ more recover
data04|55000|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg9
data04|55001|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg10
data04|55002|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg11
data05|55000|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg12
data05|55001|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg13
data05|55002|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg14
data01|55003|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg15
data02|55003|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
data03|55003|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg17
data04|55003|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg18
data05|55003|/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg19
3.3、通过生成的配置文件进行修复集群：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ gprecoverseg -i ./recover -F
执行过程省略，但有个选项需要确认：
Continue with segment recovery procedure Yy|Nn (default=N):
> y
3.4、检查数据：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ psql -c "select * from gp_segment_configuration order by content asc,dbid;"
dbid | content | role | preferred_role | mode | status | port | hostname | address | datadir
------+---------+------+----------------+------+--------+-------+--------------+--------------+-----------------------------------
44 | -1 | p | p | s | u | 5432 | master | master | /greenplum/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
45 | -1 | m | m | s | u | 5432 | standby | standby | /greenplum/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
2 | 0 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg0
11 | 0 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg0
3 | 1 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg1
12 | 1 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg1
4 | 2 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg2
13 | 2 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg2
5 | 3 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg3
14 | 3 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg3
6 | 4 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg4
15 | 4 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg4
7 | 5 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg5
16 | 5 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg5
8 | 6 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg6
17 | 6 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg6
9 | 7 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg7
18 | 7 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg7
10 | 8 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg8
19 | 8 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg8
21 | 9 | m | p | s | u | 55000 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg9
30 | 9 | p | m | s | u | 56000 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg9
22 | 10 | m | p | s | u | 55001 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg10
31 | 10 | p | m | s | u | 56001 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg10
23 | 11 | m | p | s | u | 55002 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg11
32 | 11 | p | m | s | u | 56002 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg11
24 | 12 | m | p | s | u | 55000 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg12
27 | 12 | p | m | s | u | 56000 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg12
25 | 13 | m | p | s | u | 55001 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg13
28 | 13 | p | m | s | u | 56001 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg13
26 | 14 | m | p | s | u | 55002 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg14
29 | 14 | p | m | s | u | 56002 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg14
33 | 15 | m | p | s | u | 55003 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg15
39 | 15 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg15
34 | 16 | m | p | s | u | 55003 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
40 | 16 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg16
35 | 17 | m | p | s | u | 55003 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg17
41 | 17 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg17
36 | 18 | m | p | s | u | 55003 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg18
42 | 18 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg18
37 | 19 | m | p | s | u | 55003 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg19
38 | 19 | p | m | s | u | 56003 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg19
(42 rows)
此时可以看到所有数据节点的状态都是正常的up状态。
[gpadmin@master ~]$ psql
psql (9.4.24)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test" as user "gpadmin".
test=# select gp_segment_id,count(*) from test_yw group by gp_segment_id;
gp_segment_id | count
---------------+-------
1 | 384
13 | 396
14 | 403
9 | 429
10 | 376
16 | 364
12 | 389
6 | 414
0 | 426
15 | 426
3 | 404
19 | 411
4 | 409
2 | 393
8 | 410
18 | 407
7 | 407
11 | 420
5 | 346
17 | 386
(20 rows)
test=# \q
可以看到所有数据节点上都是有数据的，且都正常。
其实仔细看可以发现，上面的数据节点看起来都很正常，但还有个小小的问题：部分数据节点的角色存在异常，即有的"主段"角色变成了“镜像段”角色，有的"镜像段"角色变成了“主段”角色。
3.5、修复数据角色状态：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ gprecoverseg -r
执行过程省略，但有个选项需要确认：
Continue with segment rebalance procedure Yy|Nn (default=N):
> y
3.6、再次检查：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ psql -c "select * from gp_segment_configuration order by content asc,dbid;"
dbid | content | role | preferred_role | mode | status | port | hostname | address | datadir
------+---------+------+----------------+------+--------+-------+--------------+--------------+-----------------------------------
44 | -1 | p | p | s | u | 5432 | master | master | /greenplum/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
45 | -1 | m | m | s | u | 5432 | standby | standby | /greenplum/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
2 | 0 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg0
11 | 0 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg0
3 | 1 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg1
12 | 1 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg1
4 | 2 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg2
13 | 2 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg2
5 | 3 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg3
14 | 3 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg3
6 | 4 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg4
15 | 4 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg4
7 | 5 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg5
16 | 5 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg5
8 | 6 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg6
17 | 6 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg6
9 | 7 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg7
18 | 7 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg7
10 | 8 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg8
19 | 8 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg8
21 | 9 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg9
30 | 9 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg9
22 | 10 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg10
31 | 10 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg10
23 | 11 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg11
32 | 11 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg11
24 | 12 | p | p | s | u | 55000 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg12
27 | 12 | m | m | s | u | 56000 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg12
25 | 13 | p | p | s | u | 55001 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg13
28 | 13 | m | m | s | u | 56001 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg13
26 | 14 | p | p | s | u | 55002 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg14
29 | 14 | m | m | s | u | 56002 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg14
33 | 15 | p | p | s | u | 55003 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg15
39 | 15 | m | m | s | u | 56003 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg15
34 | 16 | p | p | s | u | 55003 | data02 | data02 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
40 | 16 | m | m | s | u | 56003 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg16
35 | 17 | p | p | s | u | 55003 | data03 | data03 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg17
41 | 17 | m | m | s | u | 56003 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg17
36 | 18 | p | p | s | u | 55003 | data04 | data04 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg18
42 | 18 | m | m | s | u | 56003 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg18
37 | 19 | p | p | s | u | 55003 | data05 | data05 | /greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg19
38 | 19 | m | m | s | u | 56003 | data01 | data01 | /greenplum/gpdata/mirror/gpseg19
(42 rows)
此时可以看到数据节点的所有状态都是正确的。
此时去之前异常数据节点中去查看数据文件，可以发现之前缺少的 postmaster.pid 文件都存在了，并且还多了 recovery.done 文件：
[gpadmin@data02 gpseg16]$ pwd
/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
[gpadmin@data02 gpseg16]$ ls
backup_label.old pg_clog pg_stat_tmp
base pg_distributedlog pg_subtrans
fts_probe_file.bak pg_dynshmem pg_tblspc
global pg_hba.conf pg_twophase
gpexpand.pid pg_ident.conf pg_utilitymodedtmredo
gpexpand.status pg_log PG_VERSION
gpexpand.status_detail pg_logical pg_xlog
gpmetrics pg_multixact postgresql.auto.conf
gpperfmon pg_notify postgresql.conf
gpsegconfig_dump pg_replslot postgresql.conf.bak
gpssh.conf pg_serial postmaster.opts
internal.auto.conf pg_snapshots postmaster.pid
internal.auto.conf.bak pg_stat recovery.done
[gpadmin@data02 gpseg16]$ more postmaster.pid
19572
/greenplum/gpdata/primary/gpseg16
1669556066
55003
/tmp
*
55003001 327680
[gpadmin@data02 gpseg16]$ more recovery.done
standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'user=gpadmin host=data03 port=56003 sslmode=prefer sslcompression=1 krbsrvname=postgres application_name=gp_walreceiver'
primary_slot_name = 'internal_wal_replication_slot'
查看数据：
[gpadmin@master ~]$ psql -c "select gp_segment_id,count(*) from test_yw;"
同样可以看到所有数据节点上的数据都是正常的。
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