26个字母中有5个纯元音字母（A E I O U），20个纯辅音字母。字母Y为半元音字母，当Y位于词首时为辅音字母，位于词中或词尾时为元音字母，其读音与字母I相同。掌握五个元音字母的读音及其组合规律是学好英语的关键。元音字母在单词中可以单独发音，也可以跟其它字母构成字母组合一起发音，常见的组合有：

一、五个元音字母在重读开音节与重读闭音节的读音

1.元音字母Ａ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[ei ]

例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i’reis?] cake [keik] same [seim]table [‘teibl] late [leit]

favourite [‘feiv?rit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato [p?’teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik]

lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [‘stei??n] baker [‘beik?] place [pleis] tomato[t?’meit?u]

safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby [‘beibi] paper [‘peip?] famous [‘feim?s]

later [‘leit?] radio [‘reidi?u] patient [‘pei??nt]

2）在重读闭音节中读[?]

例如：map [m?p] bag [b?g] apple [‘?pl] fax [f?ks] glad [gl?d] hat [h?t] black [bl?k]

catch [k?t?] hamburger [‘h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit [‘r?bit] bank [b??k] accident [‘?ksid?nt]

happen [‘h?p?n] marry [‘m?ri] exam [ig’z?m] cabbage [‘k?bid?] passenger [‘p?sind??] fact [f?kt] parrot [‘p?r?t]

２.元音字母Ｅ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[i:]

例如：these [ei:z] we [wi:] evening [‘i:vni?] be [bi:] even [‘i:v?n] Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z]

Japanese[,d??p?’ni:z] she [?i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre [‘mi:t?] Swedish [‘swi:di?] scenery [‘si:n?ri] eve [i:v]

2).在重读闭音节中读字[e]

例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome [‘welk?m] let [let]

address [?’dres] dress [dres] next [‘nekst] leg [leg] empty [’empti] mend [mend]

chess [t?es] rest [rest] letter [‘let?] better[‘bet?] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri’memb?]

invent [in’vent] December [di’semb?] wet [wet] message [‘mesid?]

３.元音字母Ｉ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[ai]

例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus [‘main?s] Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z] fine [fain] licence [‘lais?ns]

wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi’said] knife [naif]

rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday [‘fraidi] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik]

exciting [ik’saiti?] lion [‘lai?n] tiger [‘taig?] quite [kwait] diary [‘dai?ri] science [‘sai?ns]

invite [in’vait] wine [wain] quiet [‘kwai?t] surprise [s?’praiz]

２）在读闭音节中读字母音[i]

例如：six [siks] think [θi?k] picture [‘pikt??] twin [twin] with [wie] drink [dri?k]

chips [t?ip] swim [swim] sing [si?] dinner [‘din?] dish [di?] trip [trip] winter [‘wint?] pick [pik] lift [lift] village [‘vilid?]

４.元音字母Ｏ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[?u]

例如：no [n?u] hello [h?’l?u] home [h?um] those [e?uz] over [‘?uv?] phone [f?un]

open [‘?up?n] so [s?u] nose [n?uz] broken [‘br?uk?n] robot [‘r?ub?t] code [k?ud]

close [kl?uz] smoke [sm?uk] October [?k’t?ub?] hope [h?up] ago [?’g?u] Rome [r?um]

suppose [s?’p?uz] mobile [‘m?ubil] notice [‘n?utis]

２）在重读闭音节中读[?]

例如：not [n?t] clock [kl?k] forgot[f?’g?t] doctor [‘d?kt?] lock [l?k] doll [d?l] from [fr?m]

sock [s?k] shop [??p] hot [h?t] fog [f?g] hospital [‘h?spitl] job [d??b] hobby [‘h?bi]

problem [‘pr?bl?m] dollar[‘d?l?] college [‘k?lid?] dolphin [‘d?lfin] soccer [‘s?k?]

rock [r?k] concert [‘k?ns?t] song [s??] crop [kr?p] opposite [‘?p?zit]

５.元音字母Ｕ

１）在重读开音节中读字母音[j u:]

例如：computer[k?m’pju:t?] excuse [iks’kju:z] student [‘stju:d?nt] use [ju:z]

music [‘mju:zik] usually [‘ju:?u?li] refuse [ri’fju:z] human [‘hju:m?n]

produce [pr?’dju:s] scuba [‘skju:b?] contribution [,k?ntri’bju:??n] pupil [‘pju:pl] universe [‘ju:niv?:s] huge [hju:d?] duty [‘dju:ti]

２）在重读闭音节中读[?]

例如：number [‘n?mb?] plus [pl?s] cup [k?p] bus [b?s] much [m?t?] us [?s]

husband [‘h?zb?nd] uncle [‘??kl] must [m?st] lunch [l?nt?] hundred [‘h?ndr?d]

hungry [‘h??gri] jump [d??mp] run [r?n] fun [f?n] discuss [di’sk?s] pumpkin [‘p?mpkin]

summer [‘s?m?] duck [d?k] subject [‘s?bd?ikt] suddenly [‘s?dnli]

二、五个元音字母分别与字母Ｒ组合（ar、er、ir、or、ur）在重读音节的读音

１）.ＡＲ读[a:]

例如：sharpener [‘?ɑ:p?n?] car [kɑ:] dark [dɑ:k] arm [ɑ:m] card [kɑ:d]

park [pɑ:k] hard [hɑ:d] farmer [‘fɑ:m?] party [‘pɑ:ti] artist [‘ɑ:tist] garden [‘gɑ:dn] far [fɑ:]

2）.ER读[ε:]

例如：term [t?:m] certainly [‘s?:t?nli] person [‘p?:sn] university [,ju:ni’v?:siti]

Germany [‘d??:m?ni] serve [s?:v] prefer [pri’f?:] deserve [di’z?:v] nervous [‘n?:v?s] expert [ek’sp?:t]

3）.IR读[ε:]

例如：skirt [sk?:t] thirty [‘θ?:ti] thirsty [‘θ?:sti] first [f?:st] birthday [‘b?:θdei] circle [‘s?:kl] dirty [‘d?:ti]

４）.ＯＲ读[?:]

例如：for [f?:] short [??:t] sport [sp?:t] born [b?:n] report [ri’p?:t] north [n?:θ]

fork [f?:k] nor [n?:] order [‘?:d?] corner [‘k?:n?] storm [st?:m] afford [?’f?:d] performance [p?’f?:m?ns] pork [p?:k]

５）.ＵＲ读[ε:]

例如：purse [p?:s] purple [‘p?:pl] Thursday [‘θ?:zdi] turkey [‘t?:ki] turn [t?:n]

church [t??:t?] disturb [dis’t?:b] hurt [h?:t] return [ri’t?:n] surfing [‘s?:fi?] Turkey [‘t?:ki]

三、ar、er、ir、or、ur分别与字母Ｅ组合的读音

1）字母ARE组合读[??]

例如：careful [‘k??f?l] software [‘s?ftw??]

2）字母ERE组合读 [??]/[ i?]

例如：here [hi?] where [hw??] there [e??]

3）字母IRE组合读[ai?]

例如：tire [‘tai?] fireplace [‘fai?pleis] hire[hai?]

4）字母ORE组合读[?:]

例如：before [bi’f?:] more [m?:] score [sk?:] explore [iks’pl?:] store [st?:]

5）字母URE组合读[??]/[ ?]

例如：sure [???(r)] future [?fju:t??(r)]nature ?[]ne?t??(r)] picture [?p?kt??(r)]